液压机油液污染的损害
液压油污染严重时，直接影响液压体系的作业功能，使液压体系常常发生毛病，使液压元件寿数缩短。形成这些损害的原因主要是尘垢中的颗粒。对于液压元件来说，由于这些固体颗粒进入到元件里，会使元件的滑动部分磨损加剧，并或许阻塞液压元件里的节省孔、阻尼孔，或使阀芯卡死，然后形成液压体系的毛病。水分和空气的混入使液压油的润滑才能降低并使它加快氧化蜕变，发生气蚀，使液压元件加快腐蚀，使液压体系呈现振动、爬行等。
When the hydraulic oil pollution is serious, it directly affects the working function of the hydraulic system, so that the hydraulic system often occurs problems, shorten the life of the hydraulic components. The cause of these damages is mainly the particles in the dirt. For hydraulic components, due to these solid particles into the components, can make the component part of sliding wear, and may block the hydraulic components in the save hole, damping hole, or make the valve core is stuck, and then form the fault of hydraulic system. Mixed with water and air to make the hydraulic oil lubrication can reduce and make it speed up metamorphosis, cavitation occurs, accelerate the corrosion of hydraulic components, hydraulic system brings vibration, creep, etc.
避免污染的方法
形成液压油污染的原因多而复杂，液压油自身又在不断地发生脏物，因此要完全解决液压油的污染问题是很困难的。为了延长液压元件的寿数，保证液压体系可靠地作业，将液压油的污染度操控在某一限度以内是较为切实可行的方法。对液压油的污染操控作业主要是从两个方面着手：一是避免污染物侵入液压体系；二是把已经侵入的污染物从体系中清楚出去。污染操控要贯穿于整个液压装置的设计、制作、安装、运用、维护和修补等各个阶段。 为避免油液污染，在实践作业中应采纳如下方法：
(1) 使液压油在运用前保持清洁。液压油在运输和保管过程中都会受到外界污染，新买来的液压油看上去很清洁，其实很“脏”，有必要将其静放数天后经过滤参加液压体系中运用。
(2)使液压体系在安装后、运转前保持清洁。液压元件在加工和安装过程中有必要清洗洁净，液压体系在安装后、运转前应完全进行清洗，最好用体系作业中运用的油液清洗，清洗时油箱除通气孔(加防尘罩)外有必要全部密封，密封件不行有飞边、毛刺。
(3)使液压油在作业中保持清洁。液压油在作业过程中会受到环境污染，因此应尽量避免作业中空气和水分的侵入，为完全消除水、气和污染物的侵入，选用密封油箱，通气孔上加空气滤清器，避免尘土、磨料和冷却液侵入，常常查看并定时替换密封件和蓄能器中的胶囊。
(4)选用适宜的滤油器。这是操控液压油污染的重要手段。应根据设备的要求，在液压体系中选用不同的过滤方式，不同的精度和不同的结构的滤油器，并要定时查看和清洗滤油器和油箱。
(5)定时替换液压油。替换新油前，油箱有必要先清洗一次，体系较脏时，可用火油清洗，排尽后注入新油。
(6)操控液压机油的作业温度。液压油的作业温度过高对液压装置晦气，液压油自身也会加快化蜕变，发生各种生成物，缩短它的运用期限，一般液压体系的作业温度最好操控在65℃以下，机床液压体系则应操控在55℃以下。
The causes of hydraulic oil pollution are many and complex, and the hydraulic oil itself is constantly dirty, so it is very difficult to completely solve the problem of hydraulic oil pollution. In order to prolong the life of hydraulic components and ensure the reliable operation of hydraulic system, it is more practical and feasible to control the pollution degree of hydraulic oil within a certain limit. The pollution control of hydraulic oil is mainly carried out from two aspects: one is to avoid the invasion of pollutants into the hydraulic system; The second is to remove the pollutants that have entered the system. Pollution control should be throughout the entire hydraulic device design, production, installation, operation, maintenance and repair and other stages.
